IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON DIVIDEND POLICY OF LISTED CONSUMERS GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Abstract
This study examine the impact of leverage on the dividend policy of listed consumers’ goods firms in Nigeria. The study covers a period of ten years from 2007 to 2016. Secondary source of data was used. Panel multiple regression techniques was used to analysis the data. The study made use of ex-post facto research design. Sample of seventeen (17) listed consumers’ goods firms was used. Two formulated research hypotheses were achieved after tested. The findings from this study shows that total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio has negative and significant impact on the dividend policy of listed consumers goods firms in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it therefore, concludes that leverage has significant negative impact on the dividend policy of listed consumers goods firms in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that Managers should employ financial leverage in a way that enhances value for their company owners, that is, leading to an increase in returns to equity holders. Debt financing in the financial mix of the firm should be done at the optimal level so as toensure appropriate utilization of the firms’ assets.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbadi, S.M. & Ab-Rub, N. (2012). “The Effect of Capital Structure on the Performance of Palestinian Financial Institutions”. British Journal of Economics, Finance, and Management Sciences. 3(2). 92-101.
Abor, J. (2005). The effect of capital structure on profitability: an empirical analysis of listed firms in Ghana. The journal of risk finance, 6(5), 438-445.
Adesola, W. A., & Okwong, A. E. (2009). An empirical study of dividend policy of quoted companies in Nigeria. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 85.
Agrawal, A., & Nagarajan, N. J. (1990). Corporate capital structure, agency costs, and ownership control: The case of all‐equity firms. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1325- 1331.
Agyei, S. K., & Marfo-Yiadom, E. (2011). Dividend policy and bank performance in Ghana. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(4), 202.
Ahmad, N., Salman, A., & Shamsi, A. (2015). Impact of financial leverage on firms’ profitability: an investigation from cement sector of Pakistan.
Ajayi, R. A., & Mougouė, M. (1996). On the dynamic relation between stock prices and exchange rates. Journal of Financial Research, 19(2), 193-207.
Akinlo, O., & Asaolu, T. (2012). Profitability and leverage: evidence from Nigerian firms.
Akinyomi, O. J., &(2013). Determinants of capital structure in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 3(4), 999-1005.
Akuezuilo, E. O. (1993). Research methodology and statistics. Awkwa, Nuel Cent.(Nig.) Publisher.
Alkhatib, K. (2012). The determinants of leverage of listed companies. International journal of business and social science, 3(24).
Al-Kuwari, D. (2009). Determinants of the dividend policy of companies listed on emerging stock exchanges: the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
Al-Malkawi, H. A. N., Rafferty, M., & Pillai, R. (2010). Dividend policy: A review of theories and empirical evidence. International Bulletin of Business Administration, 9(1), 171- 200.
Al-Shubiri, F. N. (2011). Determinants of changes dividend behavior policy: Evidence from the Amman Stock Exchange. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 4(1), 1-15.
Alzomaia, T. S., & Al-Khadhiri, A. (2013). Determination of dividend policy: The evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1).
Amahalu, N. N., Chinyere, O. J., Nweze, C. L., & Okoye, E. I. (2016). Effect of Financial Leverage on Dividend Policy of Quoted Conglomerates in Nigeria.
Amidu, M. (2007). Determinants of capital structure of banks in Ghana: an empirical approach. Baltic Journal of Management, 2(1), 67-79.
Ariyo, A. (1983). Lintner-type dividend model and economic growth: A preliminary appraisal. Development Economics and Planning Essays in Honour of Ojetunji Aboyade, Unibadan Publishing Consultancy Services.
Arkan, T. (2016). The importance of financial ratios in predicting stock price trends: A case study in emerging markets. Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia, 79, 13-26.
Asamoah, G. N. (2011). Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy: An Evidence from Ghana.
Awan, M. R. (2014). Impact of liquidity, leverage, inflation on firm profitability an empirical analysis of food sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR- JBM), 104-112.
Babajide, A. A., & Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Investors’ Behavioural Biases and the Security Market: An Empirical Study of the Nigerian Security Market. Accounting and Finance Research, 1(1), 219-229.
Babalola, Y.S. (2012). “The Effects of Optimal Capital Structure on Firms’ Performances in Nigeria”. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences. 3(2). 131-133.
David, D.F. & Olorunfemi, S. (2010). “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance in Nigeria
Petroleum Industry: Panel Data Analysis”. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 6(2). 168-173.
Ebrati, M.R., Emadi, F., Balasang, R.S., Safari, G. (2013). “The Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Performance: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 7(4). 1-8.
Baltagi, B. H., (2005). A panel data study of physicians' labor supply: the case of Norway. Health Economics, 14(10), 1035-1045.
Barclay, M. J., Smith, Jr, C. W., & Morellec, E. (2006). On the debt capacity of growth options. The Journal of Business, 79(1), 37-60.
Berger, A. N., & Di Patti, E. B. (2006). Capital structure and firm performance: A new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking industry. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(4), 1065-1102.
Black, F. (1976). Stuedies of stock price volatility changes.
Brittain, J. A. (1964). The tax structure and corporate dividend policy. The American economic review, 54(3), 272-287.
Brockington, A.A. (1990). Dividend policy and corporate performance in Nigeria. American journal of social and management sciences, 4(2), 71-77.
Burns, R. P., & Burns, R. (2008). Business research methods and statistics using SPSS. Sage.
Dell'Ariccia, G., Laeven, L., & Suarez, G. A. (2017). Bank leverage and monetary policy's risk‐ taking channel: evidence from the United States. the Journal of Finance, 72(2), 613- 654.
Donald, H., & Theresa, W. (2009). Research methods. New York. NY: Cengage Learning.
Ezirim, C. B., Ezirim, U. I., & Momodu, A. A. (2017). Capital Structure And Firm Value: Theory And Further Empirical Evidence From Nigeria. International Journal of Business, Accounting, & Finance, 11(1).
Gitman, L. J., & Chad, J. Zutter.(2012). Principle of Managerial Finance.
Gordon, M. J. (1962). The savings investment and valuation of a corporation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 37-51.
Gürbüz, A. O., Aybars, A., & Kutlu, Ö. (2010). Corporate Governance and Financial Performance with a Perspective on Institutional Ownership: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, 8(2).
Guru, B. K., & Shanmugam, B. (1998). An evaluation of internet banking sites in Islamic countries. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 8(2), 1-11.
Gustav Hellström and GairatjonInagambaev (2012) Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratio: A Study of Swedish Large and Medium Caps. Umeå School of Business and Economics Journal.Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Huda, F., & Farah, T. (2011). Determinants of dividend decision: A focus on banking sector in Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 77(1).
Imtiaz, M. F., Mahmud, K., & Mallik, A. (2016). Determinants of Capital Structure and Testing of Applicable Theories: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Firms of Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(3), 23.
Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. The American economic review, 76(2), 323-329.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Khalaf, K. (2013). Capital structure effects on banking performance: A case study of Jordan. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 1(5), 227-233.
King’wara, R. (2015). Determinants of dividend payout ratios in Kenya. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(1), 48-51.
King’wara, R. (2015). Determinants of dividend payout ratios in Kenya. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(1), 48-51.
Kunga, L. K. (2015). The relationship between financial leverage and profitability of firms listed at the Nairobi securities exchange. Unpublished MBA project.
Lawal, B. A and Edwin, T .K. (2014). Effects of capital structure on firm’s performance: Empirical study of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis.
Lease, R. C., John, K., Kalay, A., Loewenstein, U., & Sarig, O. H. (2000). Dividend policy: Its impact on firm value (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts).
Mehta, A. (2012). An empirical analysis of determinants of dividend policy-evidence from the UAE companies. Global Review of Accounting and Finance, 3(1), 18-31.
Miller, M. H., & Modigliani, F. (1961). Dividend policy, growth, and the valuation of shares. the Journal of Business, 34(4), 411-433.
Modigliani, F. and Miller. M. H., (1963). Taxes and the cost of capital: A correction.American economic review, 53: 433-443.
Mohamad, N.E. & Abdullah, F.N. (2012). “Reviewing Relationship between Capital Structure and Firm’s Performance in Malaysia”. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics. 1(4). 151-156.
Muritala, T.A. (2012). “An Empirical Analysis of Capital Structure on Firms’ Performance in Nigeria”. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics. 1(5). 116- 124.
Musiega, M. G., Alala, O. B., Douglas, M., Christopher, M. O., & Robert, E. (2013). Determinants Of Dividend Payout Policy Among Non-Financial Firms On Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. International journal of scientific & Technology Research, 2(10), 253-266.
Myers, S. (1984). The capital structure puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39(3): 577-5779.
Nawaz, A., Ali, R., & Naseem, M. A. (2011). Relationship between capital structure and firms performance: a case of Textile sector in Pakistan. Global Business and Management Research, 3(3/4), 270.
Negash, M. (2001). Debt, tax shield and bankruptcy costs: Some evidence from JSE. Investment Analysts Journal, 30(54), 33-44.
Nirajini, A., & Priya, K. B. (2013). Impact of capital structure on financial performance of the listed trading companies in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-9.
Nwaolisa, E. F., & Chijindu, A. A. (2016). The Effect of Financial Structure on the Performance of Nigeria Consumer Goods Firms. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 10(4), 1- 15.
Odesa, J. O., & Ekezie, A. (2015). Determinants of Dividend Policy in Quoted Companies in Nigeria. Communication Panorama African and Global Perspectives, 1(1), 1-13.
Okoro, C. O., Ezeabasili, V., & Alajekwu, U. B. (2018). Analysis Of The Determinants Of Dividend Payout Of Consumer Goods Firms In Nigeria. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 18(1), 141-165.
Okoye, E. I., Amahalu, N. N., Nweze, C. L., & Chinyere, O. J. (2016). Effect of Financial Leverage on Dividend Policy of Quoted Conglomerates (2010-2015).
Omorogie, A. N., & Erah, D. O. (2010). Capital structure and corporate performance in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. AAU Journal of Management Sciences, 1(1), 43-52.
Onaolapo, A. A., and Sunday O. Kajola. 2010. Capital structure and firm performance: evidence from Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 25, 70-82.
Oyejide, T. A. (1976). Company dividend policy in Nigeria: An empirical analysis. The Nigerian journal of economic and social studies, 18(2), 179-194.
Oyejide, T. A., & Soyibo, A. (2001). Corporate governance in Nigeria. In Conference on Corporate Governance, Accra, Ghana (Vol. 29, p. 30).
Pandey, I. M. (1999). Finance management.
Pogue, G. A., & Bussard, R. N. (1971). A linear programming model for short term financial planning under uncertainty.
Pratheepkanth, P. (2011). Capital structure and financial performance: evidence from selected business companies in Colombo stock exchange Sri Lanka. Researchers World, 2(2), 171.
Pruitt, S. W., & Gitman, L. J. (1991). The interactions between the investment, financing, and dividend decisions of major US firms. Financial review, 26(3), 409-430.
Qamar, M. A. J., Farooq, U., Afzal, H., & Akhtar, W. (2016). Determinants of Debt Financing and Their Moderating Role to Leverage-Performance Relation: An Emerging Market Review. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(5), 300.
Rafique, M. (2012). Factors affecting dividend payout: Evidence from listed non-financial firms of Karachi stock exchange. Business Management Dynamics, 1(11), 76-92.
Ruland, W., & Zhou, P. (2005). Debt, diversification, and valuation. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 25(3), 277-291.
Saeed, M.M., Gull, A.A., & Rasheed, M.Y. (2013). “Impact of Capital Structure on Banking Performance (A Case Study of Pakistan)”. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 4(10). 393-403.
Shubita, M.F. & Alsawalhah, J.M. (2012). “The Relationship between Capital Structure and Profitability”. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 3(16). 104-112.
Sim, L. W. (2011, March). A study on leading determinants of dividend policy in Malaysia listed companies for food industry under consumer product sector. Conference Master Resources.
Soyode, A. (1975). Dividend policy in an era of indigenization: a comment. Nigeria Journal of Economics and Social Studies, 17(8), 126-128.
Toraman, C., Kihc, Y., & Reis, S.G. (2013). “The Effects of Capital Structure Decisions on Firm Performance: Evidence from Turkey”. International Conference on Economic and Social Studies. 10-11 May, 2013. Sarajevo. 137-145.
Uwuigbe, U., Jafaru, J., & Ajayi, A. (2012). Dividend policy and firm performance: A study of listed firms in Nigeria. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 11(3), 442- 454.
Wakida, E, (2014). Job Satisfaction–A Literature Review On Employee Motivation, Attitudes And Turnover: What Is The Relationship?.
Walter, J. E. (1963). Dividend policy: its influence on the value of the enterprise. The Journal of Finance, 18(2), 280-291.
Zerni, M., Kallunki, J. P., & Nilsson, H. (2010). The entrenchment problem, corporate governance mechanisms, and firm value. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(4), 1169-1206.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.