DEMARGINALIZING INDIGENOUS AFRICAN DEITIES IN AN AGE OF TERROR

Abba A. Abba, Chibuzo Onunkwo

Abstract


The demonization and consequent marginalization of African indigenous religious practices by the colonial West has indeed led to the erosion of African values. Despite the terrors orchestrated by alien religions across the globe in general and Africa in particular, only a few scholars have called for the demarginalization of indigenous African spirituality as a means of rebuilding the man and his world. For instance, Soyinka, one of Africa’s foremost literary scholars has contended that African spirituality has been marginalized by the aggressive, often bloody intrusion of Christianity and Islam on African soil. And for him, African spirituality provides sources of spiritual strength to its people and acts as rallying point in their struggle for liberation and human dignity. In its attempt to further this line of thought, this paper argues that African indigenous deities have been misrepresented, demonized and pushed outside the margins of the continent’s discourse of spirituality by the practitioners of alien religions who at the momentseek to bring the world to a state of nothingness. Focusing on some selected Igbo deities, the paper interrogates some disgruntled mistranslations that demonize heroic indigenous deities in order to establish instances of the epistemological damages which the colonizer has done to the colonized. It further argues that given the curious approval of terror in alien religions, and especially the mindless ferocity of their fanatic and fundamentalist adherents, it is expedient to interrogate the grounds upon which African indigenous religions and deities are marginalized. Notingthat the assault on African spirituality accounts for the erosion of African identity and indigenous values, the paper suggests that in the current age of religious terror, there is an urgent need to demarginalize and uphold the enduring values of indigenous African spirituality.

Keywords


Culture, Religion, Demarginalization, demonization, Christianity, Islam, Postcolonial, deities, Ekwensu, Devil

Full Text:

PDF

References


Achebe, Chinua.(2012). There was a country: A personal history of Biafra. UK: Penguin.

Adekoya, S. (2006). The inner eye: An oriel on Wole Soyinka’s works. Ileye: Obafemi Awolowo

University Press.

Agbasiere, J. T. (2000). Women in Igbo life and thought. Enugu: Psychology Press.

Awolaju, J.O. (1975). What is African traditional religion?” Studies in Comparative religion, 9.1.

Chambers, D. B.(2009).Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia. Mississippi: Univ.

Press of Mississippi.

Dei, G. J. S. (2000). “African development: The relevance and implications of “indigenousness”. In

Dei, G. J. S., Hall, B. L. & Goldin Rosenberg, D. (eds.). Indigenous knowledges in

global contexts: Multiple readings of our world. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

---. (2000). “Rethinking the role of indigenous knowledges in the academy.” International Journal

of Inclusive Education, 4: 2. PP. 111-132.

Diala, Isidore. (2005). “Ritual and mythological recuperation in the drama of Esiaba Irobi.”

Research in African Literatures, 36.4. PP. 87-114.

Eagleton, T. (2005). Holy terror. UK: Oxford University Press.

Ekwunife, A.N.O. (1995). Spiritual explosions: Reflections on Christian lives and practices in

Nigerian context. Onitsha: Spiritan Publications.

Ené, E. O.(2010). "The fundamentals of odinani."KWENU: Our Culture, Our Future.April 03.

Girard, Rene. (2005). Violence and the sacred. UK: OUP.

Ikeda, Daisaku. (1991). “Preface.” In Wole Soyinka, The credo of being and nothingness. Ibadan:

Spectrum Books.

Ilogu, Edmund. (1974). Christianity and Ibo culture: A study of the interaction of Christianity and

Igbo culture. New York: Nok Publishers.

Jaja, M. J. (2013). “Ibani (Niger Delta) traditional religion and social morality.” AFRREV

IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities,2: 2. PP. 39-54

Karumanchery, L.L. (2000). “Living with the traumatic: Social pathology and the racialization of

Canadian spaces.” In Teelucksing, C. (ed). Claiming Space: Racialization inCanadian cities.

PP. 173-194.

Kleiner, Fred.(2009). Gardner's art through the ages: Non-Western perspectives. Lagos:Cengage

Learning.

---. (2009). Ekwensu in the Igbo imagination: A heroic deity or a Christian devil.

Enugu: AP Press.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. (1968). The will to power. New York.

Nwoga, D. I. (1984). ‘Nke na nzere: The focus of Igbo world view.” Ahajioku Lecture. Owerri:

Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth and Sports.

Nwosu, I.N.C. (1983). Ndi ichie Akwa mythology and folklore origins of the Igbos. Lagos: CSS

Press.

Ogbaa, Kalu.(1991). Igbo. The Rosen Publishing Group.

Okoh, Michael. (2012). Fostering Christian faith in schools and Christian communities through

Igbo traditional values: Towards a holistic approach to Christian religious

education and catechesis in Igboland. Nigeria:LIT Verlag Münste.

Opata, D. U. (1998). Essays on Igbo world-view. Enugu:AP Express Publishers.

---. (2011). Ajija: An Igbo agent of death and destruction. Enugu: Great AP Express.

Purcell, T.W. (1998). “Indigenous knowledge and applied anthropology: Questions of definition

and directions.” Human Organization 57. 3. PP. 258-272.

Roberts, H.(1998). “Indigenous knowledges and Western science: Perspectives from the Pacific.” In

Hodson, D. (ed.), Science and technology education & ethnicity: An aotearoa/New

Zealand perspective. (Miscellaneous, Series 50). Symposium conducted at the Royal

Society of New Zealand, Thorndon, Wellington, (7-8 May, 1996).

Rucker, Walter C. (2006.)The river flows on: Black resistance, culture, and identity formation in

early America. LSU Press.

Shohat Ella, Robert Stam. (1994).Unthinking eurocentricism: Multiculturalism and the media.

London.

Soyinka, Wole. (1991). The credo of being and nothingness. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.

Talbot, P. Amaury. (1916). "Some beliefs of to-day and yesterday (Niger-Delta Tribes).” Journal of

the Royal African Society,15. PP. 307–308.

Udoye, E.A.(2011). Resolving the prevailing conflicts between Christianity andAfrican (Igbo)

traditional religion through inculturation. LIT Verlag Münster.

Umeh, J. A. (1999). After God is dibia: Igbo cosmology, divination and sacred science in Nigeria,

vol.2. London: Karnak House.

Waldron, Ingrid. (2000). “Marginalization of indigenous African healing.” In Dei, G. J. S., Hall, B.

L. & Goldin Rosenberg, D. (eds.). Indigenous knowledges in global contexts: Multiple

readings of our world. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Warner, Bill. (2016). “The political violence of the Bible and the Koran.” AmericanThinker.

Wiredu, Kwesi. (2008). A companion to African philosophy. Lagos: John Wiley & Sons.

Zaatar, Sani. (2007). “Throwing stones at the Quran from a glass house”. The American Moslem.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 

 

 

   

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.