NIGERIA’S NATIONAL ANTHEMS AND THE CHALLENGES OF NATION-BUILDING

Abstract

National anthems are highly nationalistic, often accompanied by a suitable tune that evokes deep emotional and patriotic connections. They have survived to this day as important political tools for nations. Nigeria, a diverse country with a complex history, has experienced key events, struggles, and milestones that have shaped its national identity. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by unraveling the role of poetry and symbolism in the formation of national identity, cohesion, and nationhood, as reflected in Nigeria's national anthems. It investigates the challenges of achieving a harmonious national anthem, tracing the historical transition from Nigeria We Hail Thee (1960–1978) to Arise, O Compatriots (1978–2023), and now the re-adoption of Nigeria We Hail Thee under Asiwaju Tinubu’s current administration. This transition resonates deeply with the entire nation, considering Nigeria’s ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between recurring historical challenges of nation-building and the evolution of Nigeria’s two anthems, drawing parallels with the experiences of other iconic national anthems around the world. It also identifies the messages conveyed by both anthems, presenting aspirations and visions for Nigerians while offering insights to prevent the repetition of negative historical patterns. The study emphasizes the role of patriotism, unity amid diversity, and integration in fostering a sense of hope and sustainable progress. However, the current challenges in Nigeria reflect a state of disunity, rendering it difficult to hail the nation or inspire compatriots to arise.